Effect of Straw Incorporation on Paddy Soil Microorganism Activity under Incubation

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.03.002

Abstract

Abstract: A incubation experiment with no straw as control was carried out to investigate the effect of straw returning（SF0） and returning with chloroform fumigation（SF1） on paddy soil microorganism activity and its difference. The content of soil dissolved organic carbon（DOC）, mineral nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon（MBC）, microbial biomass nitrogen（MBN） and microorganism quantity were determined after incubation. The results showed as follows: ①Compared with the control, the content of DOC with straw returning（SF0 and SF1） increased significantly and the content of mineral nitrogen decreased significantly.②SF0 and SF1 treatments increased MBC and MBN significantly compared to control and MBN was more sensitive to straw treatments.③Compared with the control, straw returning promoted the proliferation of microorganisms with a significantly increasement in bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes.④The content of DOC and the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes of SF0 treatment were significantly higher than SF1 treatment. Compared with SF0, straw fumigated pretreatment reduced soil microorganism activity and straw maturity significantly.

Key words: straw returning, dissolved organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial

摘要： 采用室内培养的方法，以秸秆不还田为对照，通过监测土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）、矿质氮、微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）含量和主要微生物类群数量，研究了水稻秸秆直接还田（SF0）与氯仿熏蒸预处理后还田（SF1）稻田土壤微生物活性变化及其差异。结果表明，与对照相比，经过28 d恒温培养，秸秆还田处理（SF0和SF1）的土壤可溶性有机碳含量显著增加，矿质氮含量显著降低；SF0和SF1处理的土壤微生物量碳、氮含量与对照相比显著增加，而且微生物量氮对秸秆介入的响应更为敏感；与不还田相比，秸秆还田促进了土壤微生物的繁殖，SF0和SF1处理的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著增加；SF0处理的土壤DOC含量、细菌和放线菌数量显著高于SF1处理，与秸秆直接还田相比，熏蒸预处理后还田的土壤微生物活性及秸秆腐解程度均显著降低。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 可溶性有机碳, 矿质氮, 微生物量碳, 微生物量氮, 微生物

CLC Number:

S154
S511

PEI Peng-Gang-1, ZHANG Jun-Hua-12, ZHU Lian-Feng-1, YU Sheng-Miao-1, HU Zhi-Hua-1, JIN Qian-Yu-1*. Effect of Straw Incorporation on Paddy Soil Microorganism Activity under Incubation[J]. , 2014, 20(3): 6-10.

裴鹏刚1, 张均华12, 朱练峰1, 禹盛苗1, 胡志华1, 金千瑜1*. 培养条件下秸秆还田对水稻土微生物活性的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2014, 20(3): 6-10.

References

[1]    Rautaray S K, Ghosh B C, Mittra B N. Effect of fly ash, organic wastes and chemical fertilizers on yield, nutrient uptake, heavy metal content and residual fertility in a rice–mustard cropping sequence under acid lateritic soils[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2003, 90（3）: 275-283.

[2]    Pathak H, Singh R, Bhatia A, et al. Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution[J]. Paddy Water Environ, 2006, 4（2）: 111-117.

[3]    Mousavi S F, Moazzeni M, Mostafazadeh F B, et al. Effects of rice straw incorporation on some physical characteristics of paddy soils[J]. J Agr Sci Tech, 2012, 14（5）: 1173-1183.

[4]    Puttaso A, Vityakon P, Saenjan P, et al. Relationship between residue quality, decomposition patterns, and soil organic matter accumulation in a tropical sandy soil after 13 years[J]. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys, 2011, 89（2）: 159-174.

[5]    Rahmana M A, Chikushia J, Saifizzamanb M, et al. Rice straw mulching and nitrogen response of no-till wheat following rice in Bangladesh[J]. Field Crop Res, 2005, 91（1）: 71-81.

[6]    高菊生，曹卫东，李冬初，等. 长期双季稻绿肥轮作对水稻产量及稻田土壤有机质的影响 [J]. 生态学报，2011，31（16）：4542-4548.

[7]    葛立立，马义虎，卞金龙，等. 玉米秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量与米质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学，2013，27（2）：153-160.

[8]    Stefanie H, Meike O, Rainer G J, et a1. Changes in microbial biomass indices after 10 years of farmyard manure and vegetal fertilizer application to a sandy soil under organic management[J]. Plant Soil, 2011, 343: 221-234.

[9]    Lu H, Wu W, Chen Y, et al. Decomposition of Bt transgenic rice residues and response of soil microbial community in rapeseed–rice cropping system[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 336（1-2）: 279-290.

[10] Fu Q, Liu C, Ding N, et al. Soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in a reclaimed coastal soil chronosequence under rice–barley cropping[J]. J Soil Sediment, 2012, 12（7）: 1134-1144.

[11] 时鹏，高强，王淑平，等. 玉米连作及其施肥对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报，2012，30（22）：6173-6182.

[12] 路怡青，朱安宁，张佳宝，等. 免耕和秸秆还田对潮土酶活性及微生物量碳氮的影响[J]. 土壤，2013，45（5）：894-898.

[13] Potthoff M, Joergensen R G, Wolters V. Short-term effects of earthworm activity and straw amendment on the microbial C and N turnover in a remoistened arable soil after summer drought[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2001, 33（4）: 583-591.

[14] Flessa H, Potthoff M, Loftfield N. Greenhouse estimates of CO2 and N2O emissions following surface application of grass mulch: importance of indigenous microflora of mulch[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2002, 34（6）: 875-879.

[15] Raubuch M, Roose K, Warnstorff K, et al. Respiration pattern and microbial use of field-grown transgenic Bt-maize residues[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2007, 39（9）: 2380-2389.

[16] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京：中国农业科技出版社，2000.

[17] Jenkinson D S, Brookes P C, Powlson D S. Measuring soil microbial biomass[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2004, 36（1）: 5-7

[18] 李振高，骆永明，滕应. 土壤与环境微生物研究法[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2008.

[19] Fu Q, Liu C, Ding N, et al. Soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in a reclaimed coastal soil chronosequence under rice–barley cropping[J]. J Soil Sediment, 2012, 12（7）: 1134-1144.

[20] Heinze S, Oltmanns M, Joergensen RG, et al. Changes in microbial biomass indices after 10 years of farmyard manure and vegetal fertilizer application to a sandy soil under organic management[J]. Plant Soil, 2011, 343（1-2）: 221-234.

[21] Kalbitz K, Solinger S, Park J H, et al. Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: a review[J]. Soil Sci, 2000, 165（4）: 277-304.

[22] Mao R, Zeng D, Hu Y, et al. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in an age-sequence of poplar stands planted on marginal agricultural land in Northeast China[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 332（1-2）: 277-287.

[23] 郑立臣，解宏图，张威，等. 秸秆不同还田方式对土壤中溶解性有机碳的影响[J]. 生态环境，2006，15（1）：80-83.

[24] Robertson K, Schnorer J, Clarholm M, et al. Microbial biomass in relation to C and N mineralization during laboratory incubations[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 1988, 20（3）: 281-286.

[25] 马晓霞，王莲莲，黎青慧，等. 长期施肥对玉米生育期土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学报，2012，32（17）：5502-5511.

[26] Liang B, Yang X, He X, et al. Effects of 17-year fertilization on soil microbial biomass C and N and soluble organic C and N in loessial soil during maize growth[J]. Biol Fert Soils, 2011, 47（2）: 121-128.

[27] 李贵桐，张宝贵，李保国. 秸秆预处理对土壤微生物量及呼吸活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报，2003，14（12）：2225-2228.

[28] 刘明，李忠佩，路磊，等. 添加不同养分培养下水稻土微生物呼吸和群落功能多样性变化[J]. 中国农业科学，2009，42（3）：1108-1115.

[29] Eirini K, Shiping D, David L N, et al. Spatial structure of microbial biomass and activity in prairie soil ecosysterms[J]. Eur J Soil Biol, 2010, 46: 181-189.

[30] Fang S, Li H, Xie B. Decomposition and nutrient release of four potential mulching materials for poplar plantations on upland sites[J]. Agroforest Syst, 2008, 74（1）: 27-35.

[31] 许仁良，王建峰，张国良，等. 秸秆、有机肥及氮肥配合使用对水稻土微生物和有机质含量的影响[J]. 生态学报，2010，30（13）：3584-3590.